![]() We analyzed ring width (TRW), maximum density (MXD), xylem anatomical traits time series, split into ring sectors and assessed the relationships with monthly and daily climate records over the last century (1901-2015). Samples were collected from the Retezat Mountains, SouthWestern Romania. ![]() In this study, we combined classical dendrochronology with wood density and anatomical measurements to investigate the climate sensitivity of Pinus cembra L., a typical European high-elevation tree species distributed in isolated patches in the Carpathians. The analysis of growth and xylem structure of trees from marginal populations, especially the ones growing at the treeline, could provide early-warning signs to better understand species-specific responses to future climate conditions. High-elevation ecosystems are one of the most sensitive to climate change. Note that Photoshop Reposition setting also produces distortion-free images if input images are already distortion-free, while AutoStitch still introduces distortions. In addition, the magnitude of the deviations varied along the transect often changing from over-to under-estimation. The values in all used stitching tools and settings deviate from the PTGui reference, thus indicating distortions. Panel (C) shows the percentage deviation of the obtained values compared to the PTGui reference values. Five randomly selected vessels along a transect (see labels in B) having an lumen area between 1 µm 2 were subsequently measured using ROXAS (Table 1) using always the same settings in images stitched with the software PTGui, AutoStitch, Microsoft Image Composite Editor and Photoshop (Automatic and Reposition settings). The input images contained distortions introduced by the used optical system, which were successfully removed by PTGui (verified by creating a composite image of a stage micrometer and measuring the distances between tick marks, which yielded constant values throughout the image). The used overlap with neighboring images is visualized for one of the images with yellow dashed lines in (A). | (A) Overlapping high-resolution images stitched together using PTGui and (B) the obtained high-resolution image of an entire Verbascum thapsus root cross-section.
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